1. Forms a passive surface film to make stainless steel corrosion resistant.
2. Increases the scaling resistance.
3. Increases the tensile strength.
4. Increases the wear resistance.

1. Improves hot working properties.
2. Up to 2% has no effect on strength, ductility and toughness.
3. Above 2% increases yield strength and tensile strength as in the 201 grade.
4. Important as a partial replacement of nickel in the 201 grade.
5. Stabilizes the austenitic structure.

1. Increases corrosion resistance, particularly in sulfite, sulfate, acetic acid, acetate solutions and in a salt water atmosphere.
2. Expands range of passivity and counteracts tendency to pit.
3. Increases strength at elevated temperature.
4. Increases creep resistance.

1. Stabilizes the austenitic structure.
2. Increases ductility, making stainless steel easier to form.
3. Increases high temperature strength.
4. Increases corrosion resistance, particularly in industrial and marine atmospheres, and the chemical, food and textile processing industries.

1. Increases scaling resistance by forming a tight initial scale which will withstand cyclic temperature changes.
2. Resists carburizing at high temperatures.
3. Slightly increases tensile and hardness.
4. 1% or more silicon improves resistance to strong sulphuric acid but offers little improvement to dilute sulphuric acid and is unfavorable in nitric acid service.
   NOTE - Ductility decreases as silicon content increases.

1. Increases machinability.
2. Decreases ductility and transverse tensile.

1. Prevents intergranular corrosion by stabilizing the carbon as titanium or columbium carbides.
2. Produces finer grain size.
3. Reduces stretcher strains from drawing and forming by their addition to type 430.

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